Paleontology and geology

The Quaternary Period in Indiana was a time of advancing and retreating glaciers, which, at their maximum extent, covered the northern two-thirds of the state. This series of glacial events scoured the landscape of northern Indiana nearly flat and deposited glacial sediments, over much of the underlying Paleozoic rock. During this glacial period, mammals such as mastodons, mammoths, giant short-faced bears, and the stag moose roamed the state.